Are Citizens Causally Responsible for Voting Outcomes?

Abstract Can we hold citizens causally responsible for the outcomes of their voting decisions? They could stand in causal relationship required such responsibility either collectively or individually. Recent accounts ascribing to have primarily taken collective route because a major obstacle using an individualistic approach, namely, problem overdetermination: actions each citizen do not make individual difference to, and therefore cannot be cause of, overall political outcome. I suggest, drawing on Parfit (1984) Wright (1985), that should allow idea individuals can virtue making outcome only as individual, but also part set agents. conclude overcome overdetermination approach it merits further investigation.